Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease.
Identifieur interne : 000592 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000591; suivant : 000593Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease.
Auteurs : Matthieu F. Bastide [France] ; Wassilios G. Meissner [France] ; Barbara Picconi [Italie] ; Stefania Fasano [Italie] ; Pierre-Olivier Fernagut [France] ; Michael Feyder [Suède] ; Veronica Francardo [Suède] ; Cristina Alcacer [Suède] ; Yunmin Ding [États-Unis] ; Riccardo Brambilla [Italie] ; Gilberto Fisone [Suède] ; A. Jon Stoessl [Canada] ; Mathieu Bourdenx [France] ; Michel Engeln [France] ; Sylvia Navailles [France] ; Philippe De Deurwaerdère [France] ; Wai Kin D. Ko [France] ; Nicola Simola [Italie] ; Micaela Morelli [Italie] ; Laurent Groc [France] ; Maria-Cruz Rodriguez [Espagne] ; Eugenia V. Gurevich [États-Unis] ; Maryka Quik [États-Unis] ; Michele Morari [Italie] ; Manuela Mellone [Italie] ; Fabrizio Gardoni [Italie] ; Elisabetta Tronci [Italie] ; Dominique Guehl [France] ; François Tison [France] ; Alan R. Crossman [Royaume-Uni] ; Un Jung Kang [Suède] ; Kathy Steece-Collier [États-Unis] ; Susan Fox [Canada] ; Manolo Carta [Italie] ; M. Angela Cenci [Suède] ; Erwan Bézard [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Progress in neurobiology [ 1873-5118 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Antiparkinson Agents, Levodopa.
- drug effects : Central Nervous System.
- drug therapy : Parkinson Disease.
- physiopathology : Central Nervous System, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced.
- Animals, Humans.
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002
PubMed: 26209473
Affiliations:
- Canada, Espagne, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Suède, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Aquitaine, Californie, Grand Manchester, Latium, Lombardie, Michigan, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Svealand, Tennessee, État de New York
- Bordeaux, East Lansing, Manchester, Milan, New York, Rome, Stockholm
- Université Columbia, Université d'État du Michigan
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Bastide</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meissner, Wassilios G" sort="Meissner, Wassilios G" uniqKey="Meissner W" first="Wassilios G" last="Meissner">Wassilios G. Meissner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Picconi, Barbara" sort="Picconi, Barbara" uniqKey="Picconi B" first="Barbara" last="Picconi">Barbara Picconi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fasano, Stefania" sort="Fasano, Stefania" uniqKey="Fasano S" first="Stefania" last="Fasano">Stefania Fasano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernagut, Pierre Olivier" sort="Fernagut, Pierre Olivier" uniqKey="Fernagut P" first="Pierre-Olivier" last="Fernagut">Pierre-Olivier Fernagut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feyder, Michael" sort="Feyder, Michael" uniqKey="Feyder M" first="Michael" last="Feyder">Michael Feyder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francardo, Veronica" sort="Francardo, Veronica" uniqKey="Francardo V" first="Veronica" last="Francardo">Veronica Francardo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alcacer, Cristina" sort="Alcacer, Cristina" uniqKey="Alcacer C" first="Cristina" last="Alcacer">Cristina Alcacer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Yunmin" sort="Ding, Yunmin" uniqKey="Ding Y" first="Yunmin" last="Ding">Yunmin Ding</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Riccardo" sort="Brambilla, Riccardo" uniqKey="Brambilla R" first="Riccardo" last="Brambilla">Riccardo Brambilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisone, Gilberto" sort="Fisone, Gilberto" uniqKey="Fisone G" first="Gilberto" last="Fisone">Gilberto Fisone</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jon Stoessl, A" sort="Jon Stoessl, A" uniqKey="Jon Stoessl A" first="A" last="Jon Stoessl">A. Jon Stoessl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bourdenx, Mathieu" sort="Bourdenx, Mathieu" uniqKey="Bourdenx M" first="Mathieu" last="Bourdenx">Mathieu Bourdenx</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engeln, Michel" sort="Engeln, Michel" uniqKey="Engeln M" first="Michel" last="Engeln">Michel Engeln</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navailles, Sylvia" sort="Navailles, Sylvia" uniqKey="Navailles S" first="Sylvia" last="Navailles">Sylvia Navailles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Deurwaerdere, Philippe" sort="De Deurwaerdere, Philippe" uniqKey="De Deurwaerdere P" first="Philippe" last="De Deurwaerdère">Philippe De Deurwaerdère</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wai Kin D" sort="Ko, Wai Kin D" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wai Kin D" last="Ko">Wai Kin D. Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simola, Nicola" sort="Simola, Nicola" uniqKey="Simola N" first="Nicola" last="Simola">Nicola Simola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>09124 Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morelli, Micaela" sort="Morelli, Micaela" uniqKey="Morelli M" first="Micaela" last="Morelli">Micaela Morelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>09124 Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groc, Laurent" sort="Groc, Laurent" uniqKey="Groc L" first="Laurent" last="Groc">Laurent Groc</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Maria Cruz" sort="Rodriguez, Maria Cruz" uniqKey="Rodriguez M" first="Maria-Cruz" last="Rodriguez">Maria-Cruz Rodriguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Sebastian</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurevich, Eugenia V" sort="Gurevich, Eugenia V" uniqKey="Gurevich E" first="Eugenia V" last="Gurevich">Eugenia V. Gurevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quik, Maryka" sort="Quik, Maryka" uniqKey="Quik M" first="Maryka" last="Quik">Maryka Quik</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morari, Michele" sort="Morari, Michele" uniqKey="Morari M" first="Michele" last="Morari">Michele Morari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mellone, Manuela" sort="Mellone, Manuela" uniqKey="Mellone M" first="Manuela" last="Mellone">Manuela Mellone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>20133 Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gardoni, Fabrizio" sort="Gardoni, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Gardoni F" first="Fabrizio" last="Gardoni">Fabrizio Gardoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>20133 Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tronci, Elisabetta" sort="Tronci, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Tronci E" first="Elisabetta" last="Tronci">Elisabetta Tronci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guehl, Dominique" sort="Guehl, Dominique" uniqKey="Guehl D" first="Dominique" last="Guehl">Dominique Guehl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tison, Francois" sort="Tison, Francois" uniqKey="Tison F" first="François" last="Tison">François Tison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crossman, Alan R" sort="Crossman, Alan R" uniqKey="Crossman A" first="Alan R" last="Crossman">Alan R. Crossman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un Jung" last="Kang">Un Jung Kang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steece Collier, Kathy" sort="Steece Collier, Kathy" uniqKey="Steece Collier K" first="Kathy" last="Steece-Collier">Kathy Steece-Collier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region><settlement type="city">East Lansing</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État du Michigan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Susan" sort="Fox, Susan" uniqKey="Fox S" first="Susan" last="Fox">Susan Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario M4T 2S8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carta, Manolo" sort="Carta, Manolo" uniqKey="Carta M" first="Manolo" last="Carta">Manolo Carta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angela Cenci, M" sort="Angela Cenci, M" uniqKey="Angela Cenci M" first="M" last="Angela Cenci">M. Angela Cenci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bezard, Erwan" sort="Bezard, Erwan" uniqKey="Bezard E" first="Erwan" last="Bézard">Erwan Bézard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: erwan.bezard@u-bordeaux.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26209473</idno><idno type="pmid">26209473</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000436</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001C55</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001C55</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">001C55</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000593</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000592</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000592</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Bastide, Matthieu F" sort="Bastide, Matthieu F" uniqKey="Bastide M" first="Matthieu F" last="Bastide">Matthieu F. Bastide</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meissner, Wassilios G" sort="Meissner, Wassilios G" uniqKey="Meissner W" first="Wassilios G" last="Meissner">Wassilios G. Meissner</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Picconi, Barbara" sort="Picconi, Barbara" uniqKey="Picconi B" first="Barbara" last="Picconi">Barbara Picconi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fasano, Stefania" sort="Fasano, Stefania" uniqKey="Fasano S" first="Stefania" last="Fasano">Stefania Fasano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernagut, Pierre Olivier" sort="Fernagut, Pierre Olivier" uniqKey="Fernagut P" first="Pierre-Olivier" last="Fernagut">Pierre-Olivier Fernagut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Feyder, Michael" sort="Feyder, Michael" uniqKey="Feyder M" first="Michael" last="Feyder">Michael Feyder</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Francardo, Veronica" sort="Francardo, Veronica" uniqKey="Francardo V" first="Veronica" last="Francardo">Veronica Francardo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alcacer, Cristina" sort="Alcacer, Cristina" uniqKey="Alcacer C" first="Cristina" last="Alcacer">Cristina Alcacer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Yunmin" sort="Ding, Yunmin" uniqKey="Ding Y" first="Yunmin" last="Ding">Yunmin Ding</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brambilla, Riccardo" sort="Brambilla, Riccardo" uniqKey="Brambilla R" first="Riccardo" last="Brambilla">Riccardo Brambilla</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Milan</settlement><region nuts="2">Lombardie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisone, Gilberto" sort="Fisone, Gilberto" uniqKey="Fisone G" first="Gilberto" last="Fisone">Gilberto Fisone</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jon Stoessl, A" sort="Jon Stoessl, A" uniqKey="Jon Stoessl A" first="A" last="Jon Stoessl">A. Jon Stoessl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bourdenx, Mathieu" sort="Bourdenx, Mathieu" uniqKey="Bourdenx M" first="Mathieu" last="Bourdenx">Mathieu Bourdenx</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engeln, Michel" sort="Engeln, Michel" uniqKey="Engeln M" first="Michel" last="Engeln">Michel Engeln</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navailles, Sylvia" sort="Navailles, Sylvia" uniqKey="Navailles S" first="Sylvia" last="Navailles">Sylvia Navailles</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Deurwaerdere, Philippe" sort="De Deurwaerdere, Philippe" uniqKey="De Deurwaerdere P" first="Philippe" last="De Deurwaerdère">Philippe De Deurwaerdère</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ko, Wai Kin D" sort="Ko, Wai Kin D" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wai Kin D" last="Ko">Wai Kin D. Ko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simola, Nicola" sort="Simola, Nicola" uniqKey="Simola N" first="Nicola" last="Simola">Nicola Simola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>09124 Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morelli, Micaela" sort="Morelli, Micaela" uniqKey="Morelli M" first="Micaela" last="Morelli">Micaela Morelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>09124 Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Groc, Laurent" sort="Groc, Laurent" uniqKey="Groc L" first="Laurent" last="Groc">Laurent Groc</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Maria Cruz" sort="Rodriguez, Maria Cruz" uniqKey="Rodriguez M" first="Maria-Cruz" last="Rodriguez">Maria-Cruz Rodriguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>San Sebastian</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gurevich, Eugenia V" sort="Gurevich, Eugenia V" uniqKey="Gurevich E" first="Eugenia V" last="Gurevich">Eugenia V. Gurevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Quik, Maryka" sort="Quik, Maryka" uniqKey="Quik M" first="Maryka" last="Quik">Maryka Quik</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morari, Michele" sort="Morari, Michele" uniqKey="Morari M" first="Michele" last="Morari">Michele Morari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mellone, Manuela" sort="Mellone, Manuela" uniqKey="Mellone M" first="Manuela" last="Mellone">Manuela Mellone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>20133 Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gardoni, Fabrizio" sort="Gardoni, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Gardoni F" first="Fabrizio" last="Gardoni">Fabrizio Gardoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>20133 Milano</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tronci, Elisabetta" sort="Tronci, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Tronci E" first="Elisabetta" last="Tronci">Elisabetta Tronci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guehl, Dominique" sort="Guehl, Dominique" uniqKey="Guehl D" first="Dominique" last="Guehl">Dominique Guehl</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>33000 Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tison, Francois" sort="Tison, Francois" uniqKey="Tison F" first="François" last="Tison">François Tison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>University Hospital Bordeaux</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crossman, Alan R" sort="Crossman, Alan R" uniqKey="Crossman A" first="Alan R" last="Crossman">Alan R. Crossman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un Jung" last="Kang">Un Jung Kang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steece Collier, Kathy" sort="Steece Collier, Kathy" uniqKey="Steece Collier K" first="Kathy" last="Steece-Collier">Kathy Steece-Collier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region><settlement type="city">East Lansing</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'État du Michigan</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, Susan" sort="Fox, Susan" uniqKey="Fox S" first="Susan" last="Fox">Susan Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario M4T 2S8</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carta, Manolo" sort="Carta, Manolo" uniqKey="Carta M" first="Manolo" last="Carta">Manolo Carta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cagliari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Angela Cenci, M" sort="Angela Cenci, M" uniqKey="Angela Cenci M" first="M" last="Angela Cenci">M. Angela Cenci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bezard, Erwan" sort="Bezard, Erwan" uniqKey="Bezard E" first="Erwan" last="Bézard">Erwan Bézard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: erwan.bezard@u-bordeaux.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Progress in neurobiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-5118</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Antiparkinson Agents (adverse effects)</term><term>Central Nervous System (drug effects)</term><term>Central Nervous System (physiopathology)</term><term>Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced (physiopathology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Levodopa (adverse effects)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (drug therapy)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiparkinson Agents</term><term>Levodopa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Central Nervous System</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Central Nervous System</term><term>Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Humans</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Aquitaine</li><li>Californie</li><li>Grand Manchester</li><li>Latium</li><li>Lombardie</li><li>Michigan</li><li>Nouvelle-Aquitaine</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Tennessee</li><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>Bordeaux</li><li>East Lansing</li><li>Manchester</li><li>Milan</li><li>New York</li><li>Rome</li><li>Stockholm</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Columbia</li><li>Université d'État du Michigan</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Nouvelle-Aquitaine"><name sortKey="Bastide, Matthieu F" sort="Bastide, Matthieu F" uniqKey="Bastide M" first="Matthieu F" last="Bastide">Matthieu F. Bastide</name></region><name sortKey="Bourdenx, Mathieu" sort="Bourdenx, Mathieu" uniqKey="Bourdenx M" first="Mathieu" last="Bourdenx">Mathieu Bourdenx</name><name sortKey="De Deurwaerdere, Philippe" sort="De Deurwaerdere, Philippe" uniqKey="De Deurwaerdere P" first="Philippe" last="De Deurwaerdère">Philippe De Deurwaerdère</name><name sortKey="Engeln, Michel" sort="Engeln, Michel" uniqKey="Engeln M" first="Michel" last="Engeln">Michel Engeln</name><name sortKey="Fernagut, Pierre Olivier" sort="Fernagut, Pierre Olivier" uniqKey="Fernagut P" first="Pierre-Olivier" last="Fernagut">Pierre-Olivier Fernagut</name><name sortKey="Groc, Laurent" sort="Groc, Laurent" uniqKey="Groc L" first="Laurent" last="Groc">Laurent Groc</name><name sortKey="Guehl, Dominique" sort="Guehl, Dominique" uniqKey="Guehl D" first="Dominique" last="Guehl">Dominique Guehl</name><name sortKey="Ko, Wai Kin D" sort="Ko, Wai Kin D" uniqKey="Ko W" first="Wai Kin D" last="Ko">Wai Kin D. Ko</name><name sortKey="Meissner, Wassilios G" sort="Meissner, Wassilios G" uniqKey="Meissner W" first="Wassilios G" last="Meissner">Wassilios G. Meissner</name><name sortKey="Navailles, Sylvia" sort="Navailles, Sylvia" uniqKey="Navailles S" first="Sylvia" last="Navailles">Sylvia Navailles</name><name sortKey="Tison, Francois" sort="Tison, Francois" uniqKey="Tison F" first="François" last="Tison">François Tison</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Picconi, Barbara" sort="Picconi, Barbara" uniqKey="Picconi B" first="Barbara" last="Picconi">Barbara Picconi</name></region><name sortKey="Brambilla, Riccardo" sort="Brambilla, Riccardo" uniqKey="Brambilla R" first="Riccardo" last="Brambilla">Riccardo Brambilla</name><name sortKey="Carta, Manolo" sort="Carta, Manolo" uniqKey="Carta M" first="Manolo" last="Carta">Manolo Carta</name><name sortKey="Fasano, Stefania" sort="Fasano, Stefania" uniqKey="Fasano S" first="Stefania" last="Fasano">Stefania Fasano</name><name sortKey="Gardoni, Fabrizio" sort="Gardoni, Fabrizio" uniqKey="Gardoni F" first="Fabrizio" last="Gardoni">Fabrizio Gardoni</name><name sortKey="Mellone, Manuela" sort="Mellone, Manuela" uniqKey="Mellone M" first="Manuela" last="Mellone">Manuela Mellone</name><name sortKey="Morari, Michele" sort="Morari, Michele" uniqKey="Morari M" first="Michele" last="Morari">Michele Morari</name><name sortKey="Morelli, Micaela" sort="Morelli, Micaela" uniqKey="Morelli M" first="Micaela" last="Morelli">Micaela Morelli</name><name sortKey="Simola, Nicola" sort="Simola, Nicola" uniqKey="Simola N" first="Nicola" last="Simola">Nicola Simola</name><name sortKey="Tronci, Elisabetta" sort="Tronci, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Tronci E" first="Elisabetta" last="Tronci">Elisabetta Tronci</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Feyder, Michael" sort="Feyder, Michael" uniqKey="Feyder M" first="Michael" last="Feyder">Michael Feyder</name></region><name sortKey="Alcacer, Cristina" sort="Alcacer, Cristina" uniqKey="Alcacer C" first="Cristina" last="Alcacer">Cristina Alcacer</name><name sortKey="Angela Cenci, M" sort="Angela Cenci, M" uniqKey="Angela Cenci M" first="M" last="Angela Cenci">M. Angela Cenci</name><name sortKey="Fisone, Gilberto" sort="Fisone, Gilberto" uniqKey="Fisone G" first="Gilberto" last="Fisone">Gilberto Fisone</name><name sortKey="Francardo, Veronica" sort="Francardo, Veronica" uniqKey="Francardo V" first="Veronica" last="Francardo">Veronica Francardo</name><name sortKey="Kang, Un Jung" sort="Kang, Un Jung" uniqKey="Kang U" first="Un Jung" last="Kang">Un Jung Kang</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Ding, Yunmin" sort="Ding, Yunmin" uniqKey="Ding Y" first="Yunmin" last="Ding">Yunmin Ding</name></region><name sortKey="Gurevich, Eugenia V" sort="Gurevich, Eugenia V" uniqKey="Gurevich E" first="Eugenia V" last="Gurevich">Eugenia V. Gurevich</name><name sortKey="Quik, Maryka" sort="Quik, Maryka" uniqKey="Quik M" first="Maryka" last="Quik">Maryka Quik</name><name sortKey="Steece Collier, Kathy" sort="Steece Collier, Kathy" uniqKey="Steece Collier K" first="Kathy" last="Steece-Collier">Kathy Steece-Collier</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Jon Stoessl, A" sort="Jon Stoessl, A" uniqKey="Jon Stoessl A" first="A" last="Jon Stoessl">A. Jon Stoessl</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fox, Susan" sort="Fox, Susan" uniqKey="Fox S" first="Susan" last="Fox">Susan Fox</name></country><country name="Espagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rodriguez, Maria Cruz" sort="Rodriguez, Maria Cruz" uniqKey="Rodriguez M" first="Maria-Cruz" last="Rodriguez">Maria-Cruz Rodriguez</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Crossman, Alan R" sort="Crossman, Alan R" uniqKey="Crossman A" first="Alan R" last="Crossman">Alan R. Crossman</name></region><name sortKey="Bezard, Erwan" sort="Bezard, Erwan" uniqKey="Bezard E" first="Erwan" last="Bézard">Erwan Bézard</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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